The Protest Letter of Queen Lili'uokalani and
the U.S. Apology Resolution
The 1893 Protest Letter of Queen Lili'uokalani is an application in international law. In the letter, she proclaims her "protest against any and all acts done against myself and the Constitutional Government of the Hawaiian Kingdom..." Further in this document, she demands the undoing of the wrongful actions of the United States. Amazingly, the guilty party -- the U.S. Congress -- responded to this law application.
A century later, U.S. Senator Daniel Akaka includes the Queen's Protest Letter in a resolution he introduces to Congress. Either by accident or by design, his "Apology Resolution" exposes the truth of who lawfully possesses Hawai'i.
On November 23, 1993, this joint resolution is signed by U.S. President Bill Clinton. Formally known as U.S. Public Law 103-150, it acknowledges the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawai'i and apologizes to Native Hawaiians for the United States' participation in the overthrow. A joint resolution adopted by both houses of Congress and signed by the President has the effect of a law.
And as law documents go, this is a signed confession. Within its text is this admission:
"...the indigenous Hawaiian people never directly relinquished their claims to their inherent sovereignty as a people or over their national lands to the United States, either through their monarchy or through a plebiscite or referendum; (emphasis added)"
Why would Congress allow such a statement into United States Public Law? To distinguish its liability. The U.S. government knows that it does not lawfully possess the Hawaiian Islands. The United States and the State of Hawai'i preside in the islands in the absence of the government de jure. The U.S. also knows that if the lawful government does not step forward to answer this apology, it can continue to legally claim dominion over Hawai'i.
In order to show the world that it is complying with the principles of international law, the United States was required only to offer a means of reconciliation. But the U.S. is neither obliged to rebuild the lawful government nor is it responsible to show the Hawaiian people how to rebuild their government. That is the job of the kanaka maoli.
It was the burden of the kanaka maoli to rebuild the government that could answer the apology and keep the United States in compliance with the terms of international law. To that end, the three branches of government were erected, a distinct population was identified, and the inherent sovereignty would be restored. This was no simple task. It has taken four years.
Efforts toward manifesting this authority began on June 8, 1996.
Proceed to next section: Manifestation of Authority
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